Q1 FY2023 Earnings Call
MU · Preprocessing Report
2022-12-21
Quality
100%
35
Turns
12
Speakers
4
Sections
8
Exchanges
398
Claims

Entities by group 43

memory companies 1
Microncompany
company executives 4
Sanjay MehrotrapersonMark MurphypersonMehdi HosseinipersonTom O'Malleyperson
memory generation 8
1-betatechnology232-layertechnologyD5technologyLP5technology1-alphatechnology1-gammatechnology1-ztechnology232-NANDtechnology
memory technology 2
NANDtechnologyQLCtechnology
memory product 2
DRAMproductLP5Xproduct
analysts 2
Timothy ArcuripersonToshiya Hariperson
sell-side analysts 4
Chris CasopersonKrish SankarpersonAaron RakerspersonC.J. Museperson
semiconductor equipment 1
WFEtechnology
memory interface 1
DDR5technology
sell-side banks 1
Wells Fargocompany
semiconductor companies 2
ARMcompanyAMDcompany
server cpu platforms 2
EPYC 9004productGenoaproduct
graphics memory 2
GDDR6XtechnologyGDDR6technology
high-bandwidth memory 1
HBMtechnology
instruction set 1
x86technology
memory interconnect 1
CXLtechnology
solid-state storage 1
NVMe SSDproduct
mobile chipset company 1
Qualcommcompany
mobile SoCs 1
Snapdragon 8 Gen 2product
3d nand technology 1
3D NANDtechnology
server CPUs 1
Sapphire Rapidsproduct
Ungrouped 3
DIOotherCOVIDotherIndustry 4.0other
REPORTING 89PROJECTING 78POSITIONING 128EXPLANATORY 30ANALYST 44

Topics 75

inventory×38dram×37memory×36cost×26revenue×17capital expenditure×16supply×14demand×13nand×11pc×8utilization×7operating×7margin×6market×6technology×6gross margin×6ddr5×5production×5profitability×4shipment×4

Themes 267

supply growth×8reduction×7guidance×7automotive×6decline×6revenue×6sequential decline×5growth outlook×5supply-demand balance×4cost reduction×4pressure×4cut×3ramp×3customer inventory×3industry decline×3supply reduction×3balance×3fixed costs×3deployment×3within guidance×2second half outlook×2peak and improve×2technology leadership×2memory demand×2demand recovery×2customer qualification×2dram and nand×2production bit growth guidance×2cost management×2shipments and pricing×2adjusted×2spending×2free cash flow×2ending balance×2liquidity×2drams and nand×2competitive positioning×2market outlook×2production decline×2supply cuts×2oversupply×2bit efficiency per wafer×2node positioning×2cost pressure×2management focus×2inventory pressure×2peak timing×2gradual improvement×2unit decline×2visibility into demand drivers×2consumption×2price declines in guidance×2dramatic imbalance in memory markets×1companywide reduction in operating expenses×1expected normalization by mid-2023×1industry outlook×1process node launch×1qualification across portfolio×1bit density improvement×1data center technology transition×1bandwidth per core×1higher bandwidth for server performance×1industry leadership×1server adoption timing×1data center availability and validation×1cxl samples for data center customers×1qlc qualification with enterprise customer×1unit volume decline×1leading d5 products×1qlc leadership×1qlc mix×1client product launch×1product performance×1fastest gddr6x production×1unit forecast×1unit volume outlook×1product momentum×1process mix and shipments×1mobile lp5 transition×1qualcomm platform validation×1snapdragon reference designs×11-beta qualification samples×1auto unit growth×1in-vehicle infotainment×1industrial softness×1industrial demand weakness×1industrial and ai recovery×1product design-in×1memory solutions×1dram outlook×1nand outlook×1demand trends×1demand headwinds×1long-term outlook×1supply-demand mismatch×1align with demand×1fiscal 2023 target reduction×1bit reduction×1wafer start reduction×1supply impact timing×1flat share×1slower cadence×1long-term investment alignment×11-gamma introduction×1delayed node×1cadence changes×1industry-leading capability×1operating expense reduction×1executive pay cuts×1quarterly run rate×1further flexibility×1total×1weakness×1embedded business unit×1storage business unit×1mix increase×1mobile business unit×1shipment timing×1sequential reduction×1breakeven profit before tax×1non-gaap loss per share×1from operations×1average price×1days on hand×1working down×1capital structure×1market conditions×1recovery guidance×1operational disruption×1fiscal q2×1wafer start reductions×1second half timing×1dram reduction×1nand reduction×1underutilization impacts×1expense guidance×1below operating line×1geographic mix and income level×1capex guidance×1front-loaded spending×1capacity expansion×1wfe spending decline×1dividend focus×1secular growth drivers×1profitable growth discipline×1sharp decline×1enterprise-wide control×1data-centric growth×12030 size outlook×1profitability recovery×1core income×1production cuts×1capex cuts×1supply balance×1competitor supply actions×1leadership amid supply and cost cuts×1leadership maintenance×1positioning for next upturn×1strong position×1capabilities and roadmap×1d5 and ddr5 deployment×1node comparison×1industry-leading node×1roi optimization×1supply and demand balance×1node development and supply planning×1232-layer process×1cost and yield positioning×1process node roadmap×1product leadership×1customer validation×1product expansion×1momentum×1second-half outlook×1second-half improvement×1bottoming×1quantified impact×1inventory profile×1memory conditions×1dio×1memory industry×1depletion×1margin pressure×1utilization effects×1fiscal 2023 pressure×1routine period charges×1period cost pressure from lower volumes×1higher period costs×1back-end underload×1higher costs×1front-end lower utilization×1underutilization costs×1cost absorption×1per-bit increase×1period and back-end effects×1increase guidance×1underutilization and inventory clearing×1offset timing×1supply alignment×1outlook next year×1q&a focus×1weaker demand×1data center customer buildup×1data center adjustment×1consumer-related cloud weakness×1macro caution on spending×1cloud end market×1positive trend×1efficiency demand×1long-term growth×1days outlook×1write-down risk×1write-down methodology×1outlook consistency×1financial condition×1conference discussion×1risk monitoring×1higher unit costs×1safety×1quarter-end analysis×1quarter-end outlook×1lower of cost or net realizable value×1projected×1customer trends×1future-quarter risk×1policy disclosure×1single pool valuation×1end customer and application trends×1unit demand decline×1end-market bottom timing×1pc-market visibility for memory×1end-market slowdown×1pc demand stabilization×1diversified×1historic decline×1unit sales decline×1historically high decline×1market adjustments×1growth slowdown×1adjustment and macro recovery×1long-term drivers×1demand-supply imbalance×1industry environment×1fiscal 2024 outlook×1underutilization headwind×1assumptions×1step up×1bit growth drivers×1inventory and platform timing×1elevated underutilization×1monitoring conditions×1customer levels×1bit guidance×1customer shipments×1healthier levels×1second-half growth×1execution risk×1china reopening tailwind×1china reopening impact×1china assembly and test×1china reopening monitoring×1d5 attach×1more cores×1attach rates and dr am adoption×1broader adoption outlook×1pricing assumptions in guidance×1pricing environment×1

Key Metrics 97

inventory×25revenue×24demand×15cost×13supply×11gross margin×9capital expenditures×8operating expenses×7bit shipments×7supply growth×7production×6capital expenditure×5profitability×5bit growth×5demand growth×5capex×4margin×3share repurchases×3days inventory outstanding×3cost per bit×3fixed costs×3pricing×3units×3average selling price×3unit volume×2mix×2bit growth cagr×2utilization rate×2bit supply growth×2wfe×2wafer starts×2production bit growth×2bit supply×2free cash flow×2debt×2net interest income×2cost of goods sold×2tax expense×2revenue growth×2expenses×2bit efficiency×2inventory cost×2inventory write-downs×2underutilization×2attach rate×2deployment rate×2shipment volume×1memory bandwidth×1bandwidth×1crossover×1qualified customers×1data rate×1unit forecast×1qualification samples×1volume×1bit demand growth×1growth expectations×1bit supply cagr×1production ramp×1spending×1salary×1headcount×1savings×1operating loss×1operating margin×1adjusted ebitda×1ebitda margin×1taxes×1earnings per share×1cash from operations×1cash and investments×1leverage×1eps×1growth outlook×1liquidity×1total available market×1output×1upturn×1roi×1cagr×1yields×1unutilization charges×1bits×1utilization×1costs×1inventory days×1dio×1per-unit cost×1margin of safety×1write-down×1write-off×1unit sales×1inventory adjustments×1production rate×1shipments×1ramp×1core count×1

Entities 694

Micron×329Sanjay Mehrotra×122Mark Murphy×90DRAM×19NAND×191-beta×14232-layer×8D5×8Timothy Arcuri×7Toshiya Hari×6LP5×5QLC×5Chris Caso×5Mehdi Hosseini×51-alpha×4WFE×4Tom O'Malley×4Krish Sankar×4DDR5×31-gamma×3Aaron Rakers×3Wells Fargo×3LP5X×2DIO×2COVID×2HBM×1x86×1ARM×1AMD×1EPYC 9004×1CXL×1NVMe SSD×1GDDR6X×1Qualcomm×1Snapdragon 8 Gen 2×1Industry 4.0×13D NAND×1C.J. Muse×11-z×1232-NAND×1GDDR6×1Sapphire Rapids×1Genoa×1

Business Segments 60

Compute and Networking×21Mobile×12Storage×8Embedded×7DRAM×5NAND×5Automotive×2

Sectors 284

semiconductor×232personal computing×10cloud computing×8automotive×7memory and storage×5industrial×5smartphone×4servers×3telecom services×2supply chain×1automation×1original equipment manufacturing×1electronic manufacturing services×1consumer electronics×1networking equipment×1artificial intelligence×1computer hardware×1

Regions 16

China×13Europe×1Singapore×1global×1

Metadata Distributions

Sentiment
positive 106negative 100neutral 163
Temporality
backward 94forward 130current 145
Certainty
definitive 76confident 126moderate 125tentative 42
Magnitude
major 60moderate 251minor 58
Direction
improvement 39decline 35mixed 3none 292
Time Horizon
immediate 68near_term 179medium_term 49long_term 11unspecified 62
Verifiability
quantitative 98event 31qualitative 240
Analyst Intent
probing 13challenging 1confirming 5seeking_detail 22seeking_guidance 3

Speakers

Executives
MMMark MurphyCFOSMSanjay MehrotraCEO
Analysts
ARAaron RakersanalystCMC.J. MuseanalystCCChris CasoanalystKSKrish SankaranalystMHMehdi HosseinianalystTATimothy ArcurianalystTOTom O'MalleyanalystTHToshiya Harianalyst
Other
FAFarhan AhmadirOPOperatoroperator

Sections

TypeLabelSpeaker
preamblePreambleFarhan Ahmad
prepared_remarksPrepared RemarksSanjay Mehrotra, Mark Murphy
qa_sessionQ&A Session
operator_signoffOperator Sign-offOperator

Q&A Exchanges 8

#AnalystFirmTurns
1
TATimothy Arcuri
UBS3
2
CMC.J. Muse
Evercore ISI3
3
CCChris Caso
Credit Suisse3
4
TOTom O'Malley
Barclays3
5
KSKrish Sankar
Cowen3
6
MHMehdi Hosseini
Susquehanna3
7
THToshiya Hari
Goldman Sachs8
8
ARAaron Rakers
Wells Fargo3

Claim Taxonomy 369

REPORTING89
resultFinancial outcome for a completed period53
metricNon-financial quantitative fact13
operationalDiscrete completed event23
PROJECTING78
guidanceQuantitative expectation with number + time57
commitmentPromise with binary verifiable outcome14
targetLong-term aspirational quantitative goal7
POSITIONING128
strategyPriority, direction, or initiative59
competitiveCompany's position or advantages7
opportunityMarket condition framed as growth driver19
riskHeadwind, constraint, or uncertainty43
EXPLANATORY30
attributionWhy a specific outcome happened7
contextNon-company macro/industry fact23
FRAMING0
thesisFalsifiable belief about how the world works0
ANALYST44
questionInterrogative seeking information27
observationRestates a fact or data point10
concernFlags a risk or challenge3
estimateAnalyst's own projection or calculation4
sentimentOpinion, praise, or critique0

Transcript

Preamble
OP
Operatoroperator
Good day, and welcome to Micron's First Quarter 2023 Financial Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker, Farhan Ahmad, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
FA
Farhan AhmadirMicron Technology
Thank you, and welcome to Micron Technology's Fiscal First Quarter 2023 Financial Conference Call. On the call with me today are Sanjay Mehrotra, our President and CEO; and Mark Murphy, our CFO. Today's call is being webcast on our Investor Relations site at investors.micron.com including audio and slides, in addition, the press release detailing our quarterly results has been posted on the website along with the prepared remarks for this call. Today's discussion of financial results is presented on a non-GAAP financial basis, unless otherwise specified. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures may be found on our website. We encourage you to visit our website at micron.com throughout the quarter for the most current information on the Company, including information on the financial conferences that we may be attending. You can follow us on Twitter at MicronTech.
As a reminder, the matters we are discussing today include forward-looking statements regarding market demand and supply, our expected results and other matters. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from the statements made today. We refer you to the documents we filed with the SEC, including our most recent Form 10-K and 10-Q for a discussion of the risks that may affect our future results. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results. I'll now turn the call over to Sanjay.
Prepared Remarks
SM
Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
Thank you, Farhan. Good afternoon, everyone. Micron delivered fiscal first quarter revenue and EPS within our guidance range despite the pricing environment, which deteriorated significantly from our prior call. The industry is experiencing the most severe imbalance between supply and demand in both DRAM and NAND in the last 13 years. Micron is exercising supply discipline by making significant cuts to our CapEx and wafer starts while maintaining our competitive position. We are also taking measures to cut costs and OpEx across the Company. Customer inventory, which is impacting near-term demand, is expected to continue improving, and we expect most customers to have reduced inventory to relatively healthy levels by mid-calendar 2023. Consequently, we expect the fiscal second half revenue to improve versus the first half of our fiscal year. We expect our days of inventory to peak in our current fiscal Q2 and gradually improve over the next few quarters as our bit shipments improve and our supply growth is significantly reduced. Despite this improving bit shipment and revenue trajectory, we expect industry profitability to remain challenged through calendar 2023.
The combination of our technology leadership, manufacturing expertise, diverse product portfolio, a strong balance sheet and our decisive actions provide a solid footing to navigate this challenging near-term environment. I'll start today with an overview of our technology position. Micron continues to lead the industry in both DRAM and NAND technology. We are first to market with 1-beta DRAM and 232-layer NAND. While both on 1-beta DRAM and 232-layer NAND offer strong cost reductions, we have slowed their ramps to better align our supply with market demand, as we previously indicated. Yield trajectory for these nodes is on track, and we are continuing to qualify these nodes across our product portfolio and will be well positioned to ramp these nodes when industry conditions improve. Our 1-beta DRAM node, which we introduced in fiscal Q1 delivers around a 15% power efficiency improvement and more than 35% bit density improvement versus 1-alpha. 1-beta will be used across our product portfolio, including DDR5, LP5, HBM and graphics.
Now turning to our end markets, across nearly all of our end markets, revenues declined sequentially in fiscal Q1 due to weaker demand and steep decline in pricing. Shipment volumes were impacted by our customers' inventory adjustments, the trajectory of their end demand and macroeconomic uncertainty. We believe that aggregate customer inventory while still high, is coming down in absolute volume as end market consumption outpaces shipping. In data center, we expect cloud demand for memory in 2023 to grow well below the historical trend due to the significant impact of inventory reductions at key customers. End demand at cloud customers is not immune to macroeconomic challenges, but should strengthen once the economic environment improves. DDR5 is extremely important for data center customers as the industry begins to transition to this new technology in calendar Q1.
As modern servers pack more processing cores into CPUs, the memory bandwidth per CPU core has been decreasing. Micron D5 alleviates this bottleneck by providing higher bandwidth compared to previous generations enabling improved performance and scaling. Feedback from our customers across the x86, and ARM ecosystem suggests that Micron leads the industry with the best D5 products. We expect server D5 bit shipments to become more meaningful in the second half of calendar 2023, with crossover expected in mid-calendar 2024. Building on our existing D5 products, in fiscal Q1, we began qualifying 1-alpha 24-gigabit D5, and we announced availability of D5 memory for the data center that is validated for the new AMD EPYC 9004 series processors. In addition, we are also making progress on CXL, and in fiscal Q1, we introduced our first CXL DRAM samples to data center customers. In data center SSDs, we are continuing to proliferate our 176-layer SSD, and in fiscal Q1, we nearly doubled the number of customers where we are qualified. We have also completed qualification of our 176-layer QLC with an important enterprise customer.
In PCs, we now forecast calendar 2022 units to decline in the high-teens percentage and expect 2023 PC unit volume to decline by low to mid-single-digit percentage to near 2019 levels. Client D5 adoption is expected to gradually increase through calendar 2023, with crossover in mid-calendar 2024 and we are well positioned for this transition with leading D5 products. We also continue to lead the industry in QLC, and it is an important competitive advantage for us. In fiscal Q1, client and consumer QLC SSDs had very strong growth which helped increase our NAND QLC mix to a new record. Earlier this month, Micron began shipping the world's most advanced client SSD, featuring 232-layer NAND technology. As the world's first client SSD to ship using NAND over 200 layers, the Micron 2550 NVMe SSD demonstrates superior speed, density and power savings enabled by our industry-leading NAND node. In Graphics, we expect bit growth to outpace the broader market in calendar 2023. Micron continues to drive the industry's fastest graphics memory with 24 gigabit per second, 16-gigabit GDDR6X shipping in high-volume production. In mobile, we now expect calendar 2022 smartphone unit volume to decline 10% year-over-year versus our high single-digit percentage decline projection last earnings call. We forecast calendar year 2023 smartphone unit volume to be flattish to slightly up year-over-year driven by improvements in China following the reopening of its economy. Micron continues to build on a strong product momentum in mobile. As of fiscal Q1, 1-alpha comprised nearly 90% of mobile DRAM base and 176-layer made up nearly all of our mobile NAND bit shipments. We are also well positioned for the LP5 transition and in FQ1, the majority of our mobile DRAM bit shipments were LP5. In fiscal Q1, our LP5X was validated for Qualcomm's latest platform and integrated into Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 reference designs. In addition, we shipped the industry's first 1-beta DRAM qualification samples with our 16-gigabit LP5. Last, I'll cover the auto and industrial end markets. Micron is well positioned as a leader in automotive and industrial markets, which offer strong long-term growth and relatively stable margins. In fiscal Q1, auto revenues grew approximately 30% year-over-year, just slightly below our quarterly record in fiscal Q4 2022. The automotive industry is showing early signs of supply chain improvement and auto unit production continues to increase. The macro environment does create some uncertainty for the auto market but we see robust growth in auto memory demand in fiscal 2023.
This is driven by the volume ramp of advanced next-generation in-vehicle infotainment systems as well as the broader adoption of more advanced driver assistance systems. Over the next five years, we expect the bit growth CAGR for DRAM and NAND in autos to be at approximately twice the rate of the overall DRAM and NAND markets. The industrial market saw continued softening in Q1 as our distribution channel partners reduced their inventory levels and end demand weakens for some customers. The fundamentals of industrial IoT, AI, ML, 5G and Industry 4.0, all remain intact, and we expect volumes to improve in the second half of our fiscal year. In our fiscal first quarter, Micron continued to collaborate closely with customers and achieved advanced product sampling and design-in across automation, OEMs, ODMs and integrators with our latest generation of D5, LP5 and 3D NAND solutions. Now turning to our market outlook.
We expect calendar 2022 industry bit demand growth in the low to mid-single-digit percentage range for both DRAM and NAND. For calendar 2023, we expect industry demand growth of approximately 10% in DRAM and around 20% in NAND. For both years, demand in DRAM and NAND is well below historical trends and future expectations of growth largely due to reductions in end demand in most markets, high inventories at customers, the impact of the macroeconomic environment and the regional factors in Europe and China. Near term, over the next few months, we expect gradually improving demand trends for memory as customer inventory levels improve further, new CPU platforms are launched and China demand starts to grow as the economy reopens. Longer term, we [Audio Gap] have declined from our expectation earlier this year primarily due to lowered growth expectations from PC and smartphone markets and some moderation in the strong long-term growth in the cloud.
Turning to industry supply growth. Industry supply growth in calendar 2022 for DRAM and NAND is closer to their respective long-term demand CAGRs and well above the industry demand growth in calendar 2022. Given the current pricing and resulting industry margins, we expect a significant decline in industry capital investments as well as a reduction in utilization rates for the industry. We expect that DRAM and NAND industry supply growth in calendar year 2023 will be well below their long-term CAGR and also well below expected demand growth in 2023. Due to the significant supply/demand mismatch entering calendar 2023, we expect that profitability will remain challenged throughout 2023. The timing of the recovery in profitability will be driven by the rate and pace at which supply and demand are brought into balance and inventories are normalized across the supply chain. We believe that negative year-on-year calendar 2023 industry DRAM bit supply growth and flattish year-on-year calendar 2023, industry NAND bit supply growth would accelerate this recovery. Micron is taking a number of decisive actions in this environment to align supply with demand and to protect our balance sheet. First, we are reducing our CapEx investments to reduce bit supply growth in 2023 and 2024.
Our fiscal 2023 CapEx is being lowered to a range between $7 billion to $7.5 billion from the earlier $8 billion target and the $12 billion level in fiscal year '22. This represents approximately a 40% reduction year-on-year and we expect fiscal 2023 WFE to be down more than 50% year-on-year. We are now significantly reducing our fiscal 2024 CapEx from earlier plans to align with the supply-demand environment. We expect fiscal 2024 WFE to fall from fiscal 2023 levels even as construction spending increases year-on-year.
Second, we have reduced near-term bit supply through a sharp reduction in wafer starts. As we have previously announced, we reduced wafer starts for DRAM and NAND by approximately 20%. Through a combination of these actions, we expect our calendar 2023 production bit growth to be negative in DRAM and up only slightly in NAND. Given the manufacturing cycle times, the full impact of the wafer start reductions on supply will be realized starting in our fiscal Q3. Due to our reductions to our fiscal 2024 WFE CapEx, our bit supply levels in 2024 will be materially reduced from the prior trajectory. We continue to target a relatively flat share of industry bit supply. Third, in response to the decline in expected long-term CAGR for DRAM and NAND bit growth, we are slowing the cadence of our process technology node transitions. This change will help us align our long-term bit supply CAGR investments. Given our decision to slow the 1-beta DRAM production ramp, we expect that our 1-gamma introduction will now be in 2025. Similarly, our next NAND node beyond 232-layer will be delayed to align to the new demand outlook and required supply growth. We expect these changes to the technology node cadence to be an industry-wide phenomenon. With our industry-leading technology capability, we expect to remain very well positioned.
Fourth, we are taking significant steps to reduce our costs and operating expenses. We project our spending to decrease through the year driven by reductions in external spending, productivity programs across the business, suspension of 2023 bonus company-wide, select product program reductions and lower discretionary spend. Executive salaries are also being cut for the remainder of fiscal 2023, and over the course of calendar 2023, we are reducing our headcount by approximately 10% through a combination of voluntary attrition and personnel reductions. We expect to exit fiscal 2023 with quarterly OpEx of around $850 million with additional savings and cost in our P&L. Although we have taken these aggressive steps, we are prepared to make further changes and remain flexible to exercise all levers to control our supply and manage our cost structure. I will now turn it over to Mark.
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#12
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#62
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MM
Mark MurphyCFOMicron Technology
Thanks, Sanjay.
Fiscal Q1 revenue and EPS came within our guidance ranges despite worsening market conditions over the course of the quarter. Total fiscal Q1 revenue was approximately $4.1 billion, down 39% sequentially and down 47% year-over-year. Fiscal Q1 DRAM revenue was $2.8 billion, representing 69% of total revenue.
DRAM revenue declined 41% sequentially with bit shipments decreasing in the mid-20% range and prices declining in the low 20% range. Fiscal Q1 NAND revenue was $1.1 billion, representing 27% of Micron's total revenue. NAND revenue declined 35% sequentially with bit shipments declining in the mid-teens percent range and prices declining in the low 20 percentage range.
Now turning to revenue by business unit. Compute and networking business unit revenue was $1.7 billion, with weakness across client, data center, graphics and networking. Embedded business unit revenue was $1 billion, with automotive staying stronger than consumer and industrial markets. Storage business unit revenue was $680 million, while QLC mix increased to a new high. Mobile business unit revenue was $655 million, a low level, partly due to the timing of shipments between fiscal Q1 and fiscal Q2. We expect mobile revenue to grow through the rest of the fiscal year. The consolidated gross margin for fiscal Q1 was 22.9%, down approximately 17 percentage points sequentially, primarily due to lower pricing. Operating expenses in fiscal Q1 were down roughly $50 million sequentially to $101 billion. We are taking significant additional actions to reduce our operating expenses through the remainder of this fiscal year. We reported an operating loss of $65 million in fiscal Q1, resulting in an operating margin of negative 2%, down from operating margins of 25% in the prior quarter and 35% in the prior year. Fiscal Q1 adjusted EBITDA was $1.8 billion, resulting in an EBITDA margin of 45%, down 9 percentage points sequentially. Fiscal Q1 taxes were $1 million as a result of profit before tax being close to breakeven. Non-GAAP loss per share in fiscal Q1 was $0.04, down from earnings per share of $1.45 in fiscal Q4 2022 and $2.16 in the year ago quarter.
Turning to cash flows and capital spending. We generated $943 million in cash from operations in fiscal Q1, representing approximately 23% of revenue. Capital expenditures were $2.5 billion during the quarter, and we see CapEx trending down from these levels through fiscal '23. Free cash flow was negative $1.5 billion in the quarter. Under a 10b5-1 plan in place during the quarter, we completed share repurchases of $425 million or 8.6 million shares at an average price of $49.57. Our ending fiscal Q1 inventory was $8.4 billion, and average DIO for the quarter was 214 days. The rapid decline in bit shipments in fiscal Q4 and fiscal Q1 has driven inventories well above our target levels, and our actions reflect our intent to work these down. We expect our DIO to peak in our fiscal Q2 and then gradually improve. We ended the quarter with $12.1 billion of total cash and investments and $14.6 billion of total liquidity. Given macroeconomic uncertainty and the market environment, we bolstered our liquidity in the quarter through $3.4 billion of added debt, bringing our total fiscal Q1 ending debt to $10.3 billion. With this additional debt and net of income on our deposits, we project net interest income of approximately $15 million in the fiscal second quarter. We project and intend to maintain ample liquidity while maintaining leverage consistent with our investment-grade rating.
Now turning to our outlook for the fiscal second quarter. The near-term market environment remains challenging and negatively impacts our profitability outlook.
For both DRAM and NAND, we expect bit shipments to be up in fiscal Q2, but revenue to be down. Included in the fiscal second quarter guide is an insurance recovery of approximately $120 million, most of which will be recognized as revenue. This insurance recovery is related to an operational disruption in 2017 and settlement occurred in fiscal Q2. Beyond fiscal Q2, we expect revenue and free cash flow to improve in our fiscal second half as we anticipate a continued recovery in demand. Related to announced wafer start reductions, we forecast approximately $460 million of headwinds to our cost of goods sold in fiscal '23, most of which we expect to incur in the second half.
Excluding these underutilization effects, we expect fiscal 2023 cost per bit reduction to be healthy in DRAM but to be challenged in NAND, primarily due to inflation and energy costs unique to Singapore. As higher cost inventory sell-through, we expect these underutilization impacts to continue into fiscal 2024. In this environment and considering the outlook, we continue to aggressively manage costs.
And as Sanjay mentioned, we see OpEx trending down from approximately $1 billion in fiscal Q1 to around $850 million by fiscal Q4. Below the operating line, we will have lower net interest income, as previously mentioned. While there is still a fixed level of tax, as we discussed last quarter, due to the geographic mix and level of income, we now see fiscal 2023 taxes coming in at less than $250 million. We are reducing our planned capital expenditures in fiscal 2023 to be in the range of $7 billion to $7.5 billion with the spending weighted towards the first half of the fiscal year. Fiscal 2023 CapEx includes an increased level of construction for long-term capacity planning. WFE CapEx will be down more than 50% year-over-year. We are also significantly reducing CapEx in fiscal 2024 compared to prior plans. Until market conditions and our cash flows improve, we will focus our capital return on dividends and have suspended our share repurchases for now. With all these factors in mind, our non-GAAP guidance for fiscal Q2 is as follows.
We expect revenue to be $3.8 billion, plus or minus $200 million. Gross margin to be in the range of 8.5%, plus or minus 250 basis points; and operating expenses to be approximately $945 million, plus or minus $15 million. We expect tax expense of approximately $60 million. Based on a share count of approximately 1.09 billion shares, we expect EPS to be a loss of $0.62, plus or minus $0.10.
As we work through this period of challenging market conditions, Micron has the benefit of best-in-class technology, a competitive product portfolio, strong operations, a solid balance sheet and most critically, a tenacious team. Beyond this downturn and over the long term, we are confident that memory and storage revenue growth will outpace the broader semiconductor industry. This is supported by the combination of strong secular trends, memory content growth and better supply-demand balance. Micron is focused on operating and investing in a responsible and disciplined manner to achieve profitable growth and free cash flow generation consistent with our long-term model. I will now turn it back to Sanjay.
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
Thank you, Mark. In the last several months, we have seen a dramatic drop in demand. Micron has responded quickly to reduce our CapEx and supply output, and we are taking strong enterprise-wide actions to control our expenses. We have increased liquidity on our balance sheet and adjusted our operational plans. While the environment remains challenging, we currently expect second half fiscal 2023 revenue to improve from the first half. We are confident that the broad advantages enabled by data-centric technologies will create long-term growth for our industry and expect the total available market to reach approximately $300 billion by 2030. Thank you for joining us today. We will now open for questions.
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Q&A Session
Q&A 1/8
OP
Operatoroperator
[Operator Instructions] Our first question will come from the line of Tim Arcuri with UBS. Please go ahead.
TA
Timothy ArcurianalystUBS
Sanjay, I had a question about the market outlook for DRAM.
You have already said that your DRAM production will be down mid- to high singles year-over-year in calendar '23. And then you said in your remarks, you said that if the industry production was down, this would accelerate the recovery in profitability.
But at this point, I guess, I have two questions. One, do you think the industry will be down in terms of production for DRAM? There's some concern about what your big core income competitor is going to do. So I'm just sort of curious, do you think that they are cutting such that the industry production in DRAM will be down just like yours is down year-over-year?
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
So Tim, I would like to point out that what we said is that our DRAM supply growth would be slightly negative in fiscal year '23. So not mid- to single high single digits — supply growth for Micron would be negative.
That's because we have taken the actions. We are taking the actions in terms of supply — wafer output reduction reducing supply through underutilization in the fab. And as you know, we have also CapEx reduction. We have pushed out our 1-beta DRAM production in the fab so that we can bring our supply closer to demand. So the industry is oversupplied, and we do believe that actions need to be taken as reflected in Micron's actions with respect to supply reduction. And of course, the rate and pace of the industry supply cuts would affect the recovery of the industry in terms of bringing supply and demand balance closer together. So look, I mean, we cannot specifically comment with respect to the — our competitors. But what we can tell you is that if the industry supply is — supply growth in calendar year '23 is negative, and for DRAM and flattish for NAND, it will accelerate the recovery in the industry.
Q&A 2/8
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. One moment for our next question and that will come from the line of C.J. Muse with Evercore ISI. Your line is open.
CM
C.J. MuseanalystEvercore ISI
I guess the question is your — you've — in the last few years, really taking the leadership role both in DRAM and NAND. And so as you think about hitting the worst downturn in 13 years and taking the appropriate reductions in supply and cost. How can you, at the same time, make sure that you maintain your leadership? What are you doing on that front? Such that when we do go into the next upturn that you are in that lead position, lead role and can really take advantage of technology again.
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
Thank you, C.J. Of course, Micron is in a strong technology position. We feel very good about our technology capabilities and our road map.
Our — if you look at our 1-alpha DRAM that compared to our prior 1-z node gave us a 40% bit efficiency gain per wafer. And now if you look at our 1-beta, industry, you would expect less, but what you see in our 1-beta node is a 35% improvement in terms of bit efficiency per wafer versus our 1-alpha node. And our 1-beta DRAM node is well designed for D5, DDR5 deployment as well with good performance and good power efficiency improvements over prior products. So it's really 1-beta is a very good node when you compare it to any other even EUV nodes that are out there in the industry. So it's an industry-leading node. We are well positioned with our 1-beta node. And of course, our 1-gamma node will be well positioned as well. And we are timing the production of these nodes to maximize the ROI in our R&D and manufacturing. And of course, to bring supply and demand in balance overall and keeping in mind the longer-term CAGR for DRAM growth and adjusting our technology cadence accordingly. So I think we are managing our technology node development and manufacturing plans our supply plans in a highly responsible fashion, and we'll be well positioned with our technology. And same thing on NAND side, our 232-NAND is in very good shape. Both 1-beta and 232-layer NAND in terms of cost, in terms of quality and in terms of, of course yields, we are well positioned with them and continuing to work with customers in qualifying those products. So not only just 1-beta and 232 layer, we feel good about our technology road map, capabilities and position with our plans for 1-gamma and the node beyond the 232-layer in NAND. And just to point out that Micron, I was recently talking to a leading customer and executive there, and the customer was facing Micron's as being the best in the industry. And same kind of accolades we get from customers on LP5, on GDDR6 on our QLC NAND. And of course, we are broadening our portfolio of products too.
So not only with respect to technology, we are well positioned. I think we are well positioned with respect to our product momentum as well.
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Q&A 3/8
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. One moment for our next question, that will come from the line of Chris Caso with Credit Suisse. Your line is open.
CC
Chris CasoanalystCredit Suisse
Question is on the pace of gross margins as you go through the year. And you spoke about revenue and free cash flow being better in the second half. Do you believe that's the case for gross margins as well? Do you think gross margins are bottoming here? And if you can comment about some of the impact of the unutilization charges and how they flow through the year and beyond Q2?
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Mark MurphyCFOMicron Technology
Chris, this is Mark. I'll take that. A few comments on the profile. We did say that Q1 would be the bottom for bits, and we expect bits to be up in the second quarter and revenue down. So that points to continued challenges around the market conditions. We also expect 2Q to be peak on DIO, but 3Q will be the peak on inventory dollars. So the industry remains in an oversupply situation.
But customers are depleting inventories, and we expect them to be in a better position by the second quarter of the calendar year. But profit is going to be challenged through the year, and that will challenge gross margins. Now the utilization effects specifically maybe I'll talk just costs generally first. In FY '22, and historically, Micron has strived and achieved cost downs in line or better than the industry, node advancements, manufacturing, productivity and other factors. But fiscal year '23 is going to be challenging in the near term as these utilization effects and low volumes weigh on the cost per unit and weigh on margins. And there are three principal drivers that will help explain that. One is maybe an overlooked factor is just simply the effects of routine period costs that run through the business on a normal basis, scrap preproduction volumes, pre-qual volumes, freight, royalties, these sort of things. And when you add this sharp decline in volumes and revenue, those period cost effects are going to impact margins. And so we're seeing that. The second driver is the much lower volumes are creating underload issues in the back end.
And of course, that creates higher cost inventories that some is period cost, but most of it still hangs up in inventory and creates higher inventory costs. And that also is a significant factor early in the year, especially weighing on our costs. And then third, most visible has been our announcements to lower utilization on the front end. And that is a significant cost — and we have — most of those costs are going to be in inventories also versus period cost.
And we said that $460 million of — which is over — just over half of the total fixed costs that will need to be applied will impact FY '23. Now the rest of those costs will flow through in FY '24. Now if our volumes are better than expected, those higher cost inventories will be pulled through earlier, if volumes are less than expected than more of those costs will flow through in FY '24. But right now, we're seeing about $460 million in FY '23.
So in summary, we expect cost per bit to be up modestly in Q1. Again, that's mostly just the period cost effects that are normal and then some back-end effects and that's related to just low volumes. That's going to be a bit more cost in the second quarter. Again, and this is more back-end effects as those inventories clear. And then the third quarter, we're going to have the back-end effects of underutilization and the front-end effects as that inventory starts to clear. But then in the third quarter and then especially in the fourth, we have offsets.
In fact, we get — we resume cost down in the fourth quarter, as volumes have been — as volumes pick up and absorption occurs. It's not a permanent condition. This is just a function of volumes that are unseen drops in volumes, and you see — and actually the steps that we're actively taking to reduce supply. And I think it's worth noting that cost is certainly important. It's a great focus. We're managing the details. But the largest impact to the profitability and financial outlook for us is the supply-demand balance — and the rate and pace of this improvement is going to be a function of aligning supply with demand, and we're taking decisive actions on CapEx and utilization to address it.
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Q&A 4/8
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. One moment for our next question, that will come from the line of Tom O'Malley with Barclays. Your line is open.
TO
Tom O'MalleyanalystBarclays
My question is really on the demand side.
I think that you did a good job of calling out what you saw from an end market perspective into next year. But I just wanted to ask specifically on the data center. You've called out inventory in the past, but versus where you guys talked about the data center last quarter, do you think that inventory at customers was worse than you initially thought? Or do you think that you're seeing a weakening in terms of data center and demand?
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
So inventories with data center customers including cloud is higher than what we thought. So that inventory adjustment has begun, and it has some wood to chop in that area.
And of course, the end demand for cloud operations that are driven by consumer-related activities given the overall consumer environment and the macro trends, some portions of cloud and demand may be weaker as a result of that as well. And also in the macro environment that exists today, there is — given the higher interest rates and other macro trends, companies do become somewhat cautious in terms of managing their overall expenses and any long-term agreements, et cetera. So that can impact some of the current environment for end demand in cloud.
But what I would like to point out is that digitization trends ultimately do remain positive. Cloud definitely helps drive that efficiency that businesses seek in an environment like this. We do absolutely expect that once we get past the current macroeconomic environment and macroeconomic weakening, longer-term trends for cloud will remain strong. In terms of the current environment, yes, inventory adjustments and some impact of cloud and demand weakening as well. that's impacting our overall data center outlook.
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Q&A 5/8
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. One moment for our next question, that will come from the line of Krish Sankar with Cowen. Please go ahead.
KS
Krish SankaranalystCowen
I just have a quick question for Mark.
Mark, you said inventory base to peak in the second quarter and inventory dollars in F3Q. What kind of inventory days should we expect in F3Q? And what is the risk of inventory write-down? Kind of wondering what is your inventory write-down methodology?
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Mark MurphyCFOMicron Technology
Sure. I think I got the question.
So the — as mentioned, the DIO peak, we expect to be in 2Q, the dollars in 3Q. And from both those peaks, we expect it to gradually improve, which is consistent with profiles that we've said before, though the conditions have worsened and volumes are a bit lower. Yes, we do expect customers to be in better shape by the second quarter of calendar year, and that's encouraging. And then you've seen the steps we've taken on supply to get inventories down. But I did cover this recently at a conference, bears repeating. Inventory is — it's obviously a risk where we carefully and thoroughly monitor and with the lower utilization we have and the higher costs associated with that per unit.
And then the weak market conditions we have, the margin of safety we have has decreased from where it was. We did a thorough quarter-end analysis as we always do. And of course, that includes the outlook. And in that, we determined that there are no write-downs to the lower of cost or net realizable value warranted. We perform extensive reviews of project — projected pricing. We analyze customer trends, and there are a number of other factors. If our estimates did change, further, there could be risk of write-off in future quarters but none this in the November quarter. I do refer you to our inventory policy that's disclosed in our 10-K. We have a long-standing policy of evaluating inventory as a single pool, and we evaluate this policy regularly, and we apply consistently.
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Q&A 6/8
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. One moment for our next question, that will come from the line of Mehdi Hosseini with Susquehanna. Please go ahead.
MH
Mehdi HosseinianalystSusquehanna
Yes.
Sanjay, I want to go back to your, the color you provided on the demand trend by end customer or by end application. You've highlighted that the PC unit are expected to be down 5% to 10%. If I just take the current build rate in December and apply a seasonal decline in Q1, it suggests to me that PCs as the end market application would bottom by March, April time frame, let's say, post-Chinese New Year. Could that be a catalyzed — could that actually catalyze a more improved visibility with pricing for DRAM and NAND? And I asked you because it was the PC end market that rolled over. And I'm just trying to better understand whether PCM market could help stabilize certain part of the DRAM and NAND segments?
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
Well, of course, the markets where DRAM and NAND are well diversified.
PC is one of the markets. And we already talked about the decline in PC units. Actually, in calendar year '22, high teens decline in PC units. This is the sharpest decline in the history of the PCs, and smartphones, another area where unit sales of smartphones globally down 10% as well. And that, too, historically, in terms of a decline is high.
So these are, of course, impacting the end consumer demand and then inventory adjustments on top of it impacting the demand. And of course, as I spoke about earlier, that inventory adjustments are happening in other parts of the market as well. I think with respect to our outlook for next year in terms of demand, we expect about 10% demand growth for DRAM in calendar year '23.
And when you look at mid-single digits, low- to mid-single-digit demand growth in '22 and approximately 10% in '23 that over a two-year time period is really significantly lower growth rate compared to the years in the past, the CAGRs that have been prevalent over time. So, I think what's important here is that the supply has to be reduced. The biggest factor here really would be the supply reduction. Of course, once inventory adjustments, we are able to get past and the macroeconomic environment improves. The long-term trends for demand, driven by all the factors we have spoken about before, AI, 5G, industrial IoT, autonomous, all of those long-term factors will drive that demand along the lines of the CAGR that we have discussed today. But in the near term, the biggest factor to really address the demand supply is a reduction in supply in the industry. And of course, the rate and pace of the financial performance improvement will very much depend on how fast supply comes into balance.
And as we have discussed, we have taken our actions in terms of CapEx reduction, in terms of underutilization, in terms of adjusting the technology node cadence. And we do believe that with the supply actions, the industry environment will improve. I do see that in fiscal year '24, the revenue, the profit and the free cash flow profile would be much better than '23. And of course, again, will be a function of how quickly the supplier just to demand.
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Q&A 7/8
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. One moment for our next question, that will come from the line of Toshiya Hari with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.
TH
Toshiya HarianalystGoldman Sachs
I had one quick clarification and then a question, clarification for Mark. You talked about the $460 million of headwind related to the underutilization of your fabs. When you throw out that estimate, what assumptions are you making for utilization rates for the next couple of quarters? You obviously talked about the 20% cut as of today. But are you assuming you stay at that 20% rate for Feb, May and perhaps August? Or are you assuming production rates or utilization rates kind of step up as you progress through the remainder of the fiscal year. And then the question is on the demand side.
Sanjay, in your prepared remarks, you talked about customer inventory normalization and new server CPU platforms in China reopening as some of the key drivers for bit growth over the next couple of months or few months. How much visibility do you have into those three dynamics? You talked a little bit about inventory, but we're hearing customer inventory in some cases, might be increasing given some of the deals, not just you specifically, but the industry is striking, the server platforms could be a little bit more skewed to the second half of calendar '23 and China reopening still seems pretty gray. So curious what kind of visibility you have there.
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Mark MurphyCFOMicron Technology
Yes, Toshi, I'll just briefly touch on the first one. We're expecting these elevated underutilization levels through most of — well, through fiscal year '23. And beyond that, we're just going to always be evaluating the market conditions and then we'll update you and the market accordingly.
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
And on your questions regarding customer inventory, what I would like to point out is that customer inventory in aggregate — and that means in terms of volume in bits, we believe it has come down, although still at high levels. And you can see that in Q2, we are guiding to increase bit shipments. And just keep in mind that where demand used to be in terms of or the industry shipments used to be a few quarters ago versus now, they have come down substantially. And even though there may be some end market weakening in demand that points to that some of the inventory is being consumed by the customers. Basically, some of the inventory that the customers are holding is being consumed by them to address their end demand. So basically, the ship out by customers is greater than the ship in, in terms of purchases by customers from suppliers. And this trend of inventory improvement, gradual inventory improvement we believe will continue. And by mid calendar '23, we are projecting even though we don't have perfect visibility, but based on all of our discussions with our customers, we are projecting that inventory at customers will be in relatively healthier position by that time. And that's where we say that our second half of fiscal year revenue will be greater than first half, and we would expect continued improvements beyond the second half as well.
And regarding the question on China, of course, China reopening has to be monitored closely, and it may be choppy. In terms of the near term, we are assuming that China is reopening for the second half of the calendar year, will result in benefit in terms of increased demand coming from the China markets. And of course, China reopening is not just issue to be monitored in terms of Chinese customer demand, but also any impact on global electronics system supply chains. And of course, we have assembly and test operations in China as well, and we are continuing to monitor those as well with respect to some of the recent COVID cases there. So, I think China, COVID cases and reopening will have to be — continued to be closely monitored.
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Toshiya HarianalystGoldman Sachs
And Sanjay, Sapphire Rapids in Genoa, the new server CPU platforms, visibility there in terms of the ramp?
SM
Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
So our products are well positioned, and we expect that these will be ramping during the course of '23 and, of course, continue to ramp in '24 as well. And these are the ones that will drive a greater D5 attach with the servers. And as we said, we expect that for servers, D5 in 30s percentage range in terms of deployment by end of calendar '23 and somewhere around 50% by mid-calendar. So our products are well positioned, and we are looking forward to deployment of those new CPU platforms and that will drive healthier dynamic with respect to D5 deployment. These new processors, they work with more cores. They increase the attach rate for memory because they are bandwidth hungry and that just points to greater adoption of DRAM, particularly D5 memory with those processors.
TH
Toshiya HarianalystGoldman Sachs
Thank you so much.
SM
Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
So of course, it has been pushed out. I mean compared to the plans last year or over the last few months, some of those new processor deployments have been pushed out, but we look forward to them getting broadly adopted as the year progresses in '23.
Q&A 8/8
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. And we do have time for one final question. And that will come from the line of Aaron Rakers with Wells Fargo. Your line is open.
AR
Aaron RakersanalystWells Fargo
I'll make just a quick question.
I'm just curious, as you guys kind of thought about the guidance for this current quarter and given the pace of change that we saw in the pricing environment through the course of this last quarter. I guess, when you roll up your assumptions for DRAM and NAND, is it as simple to think that you guys are assuming kind of a similar pricing environment our pace of pricing declined this quarter as we saw last quarter? Or are you kind of factoring in any kind of acceleration of price degradation?
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
So look, we don't comment specifically on pricing, but I can certainly tell you that both DRAM and NAND are experiencing challenging environment. And again, it is about oversupply in the market and decisive actions that we have highlighted today are the kind of actions that are important to make progress towards bringing supply and demand into balance.
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Operator Sign-off
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. Thank you all for participating. This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.