Q4 FY2024 Earnings Call
MU · Preprocessing Report
2024-09-25
Quality
100%
42
Turns
10
Speakers
5
Sections
6
Exchanges
459
Claims
Quality issues

Entities by group 47

memory manufacturer 1
Microncompany
company executives 2
Sanjay MehrotrapersonMark Murphyperson
memory technologies 3
HBMtechnologyDRAMtechnologyLPDDRtechnology
analysts 3
Toshiya HaripersonTimothy ArcuripersonVivek Aryaperson
hbm products 4
HBM3EproductHBM4productHBM4Eproduct4Eproduct
flash memory 1
NANDtechnology
data center memory products 4
LP5productD5productDIMMproductLP5X DRAMproduct
memory process nodes 5
G8technologyG9technology1-beta DRAMtechnology1-gamma DRAMtechnology232-layer NANDtechnology
solid-state drives 2
SSDproductdata center SSDproduct
ai workloads 1
AItechnology
lpcamm memory modules 1
LPCAMM2product
automotive memory workloads 1
ADAStechnology
lcd display technology 1
LCDtechnology
operating systems 2
Windows 10productWindows 12product
ai pc systems 1
AI-enabled PCstechnology
client ssd products 1
3500 client SSDproduct
company business units 2
Compute and Networking Business UnitcompanyEmbedded Business Unitcompany
business unit 2
Mobile Business UnitcompanyStorage Business Unitcompany
memory controllers 1
Micron-designed controllerstechnology
mobile operating systems 1
Androidtechnology
storage interface 1
UFS 4.0technology
accelerators for ai 1
GPUtechnology
high-bandwidth memory 1
NextGen HBMtechnology
Ungrouped 5
C.J. MusepersonKrish SankarpersonJoseph MoorepersonPCotherDIOother
REPORTING 111PROJECTING 78POSITIONING 132EXPLANATORY 27ANALYST 54

Topics 67

hbm×89dram×43revenue×22nand×21inventory×20memory×18capex×17operating×11gross margin×10supply×9pc×8smartphone×8ssd×7data center×5demand×5automotive×5margin×5pricing×5manufacturing×4server×4

Themes 273

revenue×19data center×13gross×9market share×6pricing×5demand growth×52025 outlook×5capacity×4supply-demand environment×4guidance×4bit guidance×4oversupply risk×4expansion×3ai demand×3profitability×3cost reductions×3growth outlook×3power efficiency×3fiscal 2024×3hbm investment×3quarterly revenue×3fiscal q4×3product mix×3margin×3operating×3bit growth×3high end of guidance×2supply constraints×2supply-demand dynamics×2growth investment×2construction×2vertical integration×2customer demand×2market size×2unit growth×2product qualification×2hbm mix×2technology transitions×2fiscal 2025 guidance×2sequential growth×2capital return×2prioritization×2yield and margin×2leading-edge tightness×2smartphone and pc demand×2equipment×2yield improvement×2upside×22024 outlook×2market opportunity×2record high revenue×1record high in storage business×1strong growth×1records in end markets×1competitive strength×1process leadership×1leadership across end markets×1broadening drivers×1quarterly record×1dram and nand ramp×1high volume ramp×1node mix×1node technology×1pilot production×1volume production×1front-end cost reduction×1permitting×1india assembly and test construction×1china back-end expansion construction×1capital-efficient management×1taiwan acquisition×1taiwan conversion for dram testing×1product quality×1ai capability×1value creation×1customer channel health×1ai shipment growth×1refresh cycle demand×1server content increase×1hbm and ssd positioning×1yield and output capability×1volumes×1yield ramp×1roadmap leadership×1production shipments×1customer shipments×1output ramp×1shipment mix×1supply tightness×1customer wins×1high-capacity server memory×1high-capacity dimm adoption×1low-power server memory×1server reliability×1lpddr design for ai servers×1ai driven demand×1pc memory demand and supply×1inventory normalization×1sell-through seasonality×1unit volume growth×1future demand acceleration×1replacement cycle momentum×1ai transformation×1memory and storage requirements×1ai-enabled configurations×1pc comparison×1growth support×1design wins at pc oems×1low-power upgradable memory modules×1performance and space efficiency×1qualification at pc oems×1client ai workloads×1inventory dynamics×1ai features×1ai memory demand×1ai memory comparison×1ai growth×1infotainment and adas content growth×1fiscal year record×1infotainment and adas applications×1automotive qualification×1ai-driven cockpit and adas×1vehicle mix×1inventory adjustment×1server demand×1other segments×1industry supply outlook×1wafer capacity×1r&d expense growth and capital intensity×1long-term demand support×1supply discipline and profitability×1exceeded guidance×1strong momentum×1expanded and improved pricing×1sequential and year-over-year growth×1total×1share of revenue×1shipments and pricing×1mobile business unit×1storage business unit×1record-high annual revenue×1sequential revenue decline×1record annual revenue×1consolidated×1higher r&d program expenses×1higher r&d investments and incentive compensation×1adjusted×1quarterly spending×1annual spending×1quarterly and annual generation×1buyback activity×1working capital×1quarter-end holdings×1quarter-end position×1quarter-end balance×1debt maturity×1strengthening×1investment grade×1sequential improvement×1portfolio mix contribution×1flat to slightly up×1fiscal 2025 growth guidance×1second-half weighted growth×1days expected to decline×1target progress×1sequential increase×1disciplined spending×1rate guidance×1bit share in dram and nand×1ai era×1innovation and breakthroughs×1technology leadership×1product portfolio and execution×1customer choice×1fiscal outlook×1fiscal q1 assumptions×1fiscal q1 flat output×1pricing-driven growth×1robust×1product and manufacturing×1q4 fy2024 outlook×1drivers of improvement×1dram mix and costs×1future drivers×1demand balance×1reduction×1favorable supply-demand and mix in first quarter×1outlook×1hbm focus×1spending changes×1changes×1product cadence×1roadmap cadence×1yields×112-high output×1ramp×1hbm4 product×1yield ramp-up×1yield and quality ramp×1product and technology cadence×1product leadership roadmap×1operational strength×1customer relationship×1customer alignment×1drawdown plan×1levels increased×1rising levels×1pc exposure×1mobile dram exposure×1channel color×1tightness and prebuying×1elevated levels×1days outstanding×1discipline on less profitable business×1constructive supply-demand outlook×1bridge production during node transition×1target level outlook×1second-half weighted mix×1shallow first-half improvement then steepening×1leading-edge supply outlook×1supply balance×1share target driver×1power and capacity×1performance and power positioning×1sold-out supply×1production constraints×1product momentum and share gains×1strong trajectory×1supplier share×1sold out×1product positioning×1tight supply×1tight memory supply×1non-hbm memory market×1plans×1memory mix and discipline×1share objectives×1supply share stable×1overall supportive×1normalization and demand support×1beyond hbm momentum×1fiscal 2025 balance×1fiscal 2025 record×1fiscal 2025 improvement×1fiscal 2025 assumptions×1market conditions×1healthy environment×1constructive year×1shift to higher-value products×1higher-value product portfolio×1confidence in a very good year×12025 plan upside×1relative profitability versus dram×1production ramp×1progress×1execution×1opportunistic upside×1ongoing upside opportunities×1customer commitments×1volume and pricing×1growth deceleration×1supply constrained outlook×1pcs smartphones and data centers×1cagr×1comparison base×1higher base×1memory build-up×1pc customer normalization×1memory channel gap×1pc inventory outlook×1ai phone penetration×1trade ratio×1wafer intensity×1

Key Metrics 99

revenue×52gross margin×27inventory×17demand×10market share×9supply×9capex×8operating expenses×8bit growth×7capital expenditures×6yield×5wafer capacity×5bits×5cost reductions×4dram capacity×4power×4capital expenditure×4growth rate×4shipments×3unit growth×3bit demand growth×3profitability×3volume×3pricing×2adoption×2unit volumes×2customer qualification×2speed×2bit shipments×2operating income×2operating margin×2ebitda margin×2taxes×2non-gaap eps×2operating cash flow×2share repurchases×2tax rate×2days inventory outstanding×2yields×2opportunity×2inventory levels×1unit shipments×1unit shipment growth×1content×1revenue mix×1volumes×1tam×1power consumption×1output×1mix×1sell-through×1replacement cycle×1memory capacity×1memory content×1design wins×1performance×1qualification×1content growth×1growth×1bit demand×1roi×1bits per wafer×1r&d expense×1bit supply×1bit market share×1adjusted ebitda×1ebitda×1non-gaap diluted eps×1free cash flow×1share repurchase×1cash and investments×1liquidity×1total debt×1net leverage×1credit rating×1r&d investment×1days of inventory outstanding×1eps×1bit share×1guidance×1price×1cost×1costs×1dio×1capacity×1total addressable market×1production ramp×1premium×1supply share×1lead times×1share×1production capacity×1productivity×1cagr×1sell-in×1penetration×1growth outlook×1trade ratio×1wafers×1

Entities 826

Micron×354Sanjay Mehrotra×126HBM×74Mark Murphy×72DRAM×43NAND×19HBM3E×14Toshiya Hari×10C.J. Muse×9LP5×8Timothy Arcuri×8Vivek Arya×8Krish Sankar×6G8×5AI×5HBM4×5LPDDR×5D5×4SSD×4LPCAMM2×4G9×3DIMM×3ADAS×3Joseph Moore×31-beta DRAM×21-gamma DRAM×2LCD×2data center SSD×2PC×2AI-enabled PCs×23500 client SSD×2DIO×2232-layer NAND×1HBM4E×1Micron-designed controllers×1Windows 10×1Windows 12×1Android×1LP5X DRAM×1UFS 4.0×1Compute and Networking Business Unit×1Mobile Business Unit×1Storage Business Unit×1Embedded Business Unit×1GPU×14E×1NextGen HBM×1

Business Segments 72

Compute And Networking×45Mobile×11Storage×8Embedded×5Automotive×3

Sectors 108

memory×37data center×23data storage×12artificial intelligence×7automotive×6personal computing×6smartphone×6servers×5consumer electronics×3electronics manufacturing×1software×1computer hardware×1

Regions 11

Idaho×3New York×3Taiwan×2India×1China×1calendar 2024×1

Metadata Distributions

Sentiment
positive 220negative 16neutral 166
Temporality
backward 102forward 132current 168
Certainty
definitive 101confident 155moderate 108tentative 31speculative 7
Magnitude
major 61moderate 288minor 53
Direction
improvement 72decline 8flat 5mixed 6none 311
Time Horizon
immediate 103near_term 141medium_term 70long_term 8unspecified 80
Verifiability
quantitative 135event 29qualitative 238
Analyst Intent
probing 27challenging 2confirming 8seeking_detail 16seeking_guidance 1

Speakers

Executives
MMMark MurphyCFOSMSanjay MehrotraCEO
Analysts
CMC.J. MuseanalystJMJoseph MooreanalystKSKrish SankaranalystTATimothy ArcurianalystTHToshiya HarianalystVAVivek Aryaanalyst
Other
OPOperatoroperatorSKSatya Kumarir

Sections

TypeLabelSpeaker
preamblePreambleSatya Kumar
prepared_remarksPrepared RemarksSanjay Mehrotra, Mark Murphy
qa_sessionQ&A Session
closing_remarksClosing RemarksToshiya Hari
operator_signoffOperator Sign-offOperator

Q&A Exchanges 6

#AnalystFirmTurns
1
TATimothy Arcuri
UBS6
2
CMC.J. Muse
Cantor Fitzgerald6
3
KSKrish Sankar
TD Cowen8
4
JMJoseph Moore
Morgan Stanley4
5
VAVivek Arya
Bank of America Securities6
6
THToshiya Hari
Goldman Sachs5

Claim Taxonomy 402

REPORTING111
resultFinancial outcome for a completed period75
metricNon-financial quantitative fact18
operationalDiscrete completed event18
PROJECTING78
guidanceQuantitative expectation with number + time55
commitmentPromise with binary verifiable outcome18
targetLong-term aspirational quantitative goal5
POSITIONING132
strategyPriority, direction, or initiative88
competitiveCompany's position or advantages6
opportunityMarket condition framed as growth driver32
riskHeadwind, constraint, or uncertainty6
EXPLANATORY27
attributionWhy a specific outcome happened9
contextNon-company macro/industry fact18
FRAMING0
thesisFalsifiable belief about how the world works0
ANALYST54
questionInterrogative seeking information33
observationRestates a fact or data point18
concernFlags a risk or challenge2
estimateAnalyst's own projection or calculation1
sentimentOpinion, praise, or critique0

Transcript

Preamble
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you for standing by and welcome to Micron's Fourth Quarter 2024 Financial Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, today's program is being recorded. And now I'd like to introduce your host for today's program, Satya Kumar, Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
SK
Satya KumarirMicron Technology
Thank you and welcome to Micron Technology's fiscal fourth quarter 2024 financial conference call. On the call with me today are Sanjay Mehrotra, our President and CEO, and Mark Murphy, our CFO. Today's call is being webcast from our Investor Relations site at investors.micron.com including audio and slides. In addition, the press release detailing our quarterly results has been posted on the website, along with the prepared remarks for this call. Today's discussion of financial results is presented on a non-GAAP financial basis unless otherwise specified. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures can be found on our website. We encourage you to visit our website at micron.com throughout the quarter for the most current information on the company, including information on financial conferences that we may be attending. You can also follow us on X at MicronTech.
As a reminder, the matters we are discussing today include forward-looking statements regarding market demand and supply, market and pricing trends and drivers, the impact of developing technologies such as AI, product ramp plans and market position, expected capabilities of our future products, our expected results and guidance, and other matters. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from statements made today. We refer you to the documents we file with the SEC, including our Form 10-K, Forms 10-Q and other reports and filings for a discussion of risks that may affect our future results. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results. I'll now turn the call over to Sanjay.
Prepared Remarks
SM
Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
Thank you, Satya. Good afternoon, everyone.
Micron delivered a strong finish to fiscal year 2024, with fiscal Q4 revenue at the high end of our guidance range and gross margins and EPS above the high end of our guidance ranges. In fiscal Q4, we achieved record-high revenues in NAND and in our storage business unit. Micron's fiscal 2024 revenue grew over 60%. We expanded company gross margins by over 30 percentage points and achieved revenue records in data center and in automotive. I am thankful to all our Micron team members for their focus and execution, which made these results possible. We are entering fiscal 2025 with the strongest competitive positioning in Micron's history. We have leadership 1-beta DRAM and G8 and G9 NAND process technology, and leadership products across our end markets.
Robust data center demand is exceeding our leading-edge node supply and is driving overall healthy supply-demand dynamics. As we move through calendar 2025, we expect a broadening of demand drivers, complementing strong demand in the data center. We are making investments to support AI-driven demand and our manufacturing network is well positioned to execute on these opportunities. We look forward to delivering a substantial revenue record with significantly improved profitability in fiscal 2025, beginning with our guidance for record quarterly revenue in fiscal Q1.
Micron is ramping production of the industry's most advanced technology nodes in both DRAM and NAND. Our 1-beta DRAM and G8 and G9 NAND nodes are ramping in high volume and will become an increasing portion of our mix through fiscal 2025. As a reminder, our G8 NAND node refers to our 232-layer NAND technology node. Our 1-gamma DRAM pilot production using extreme ultraviolet lithography is progressing well, and we are on track for volume production in calendar 2025. We delivered fiscal 2024 DRAM front-end cost reductions at the high end of the outlook provided at the beginning of the year and NAND cost reductions were consistent with our forecast. We expect fiscal 2025 DRAM front-end cost reductions excluding HBM to be in the mid-to-high single-digit percentage range. We expect fiscal 2025 NAND cost reductions to be in the low-to-mid teens percentage range.
We continue to make progress on the construction for our new fab in Idaho and are working with state and federal agencies on the permitting process for our New York site. Construction is underway on our India assembly and test facility, as well as our China Xi'an back-end expansion. We are continuously assessing opportunities to manage our manufacturing footprint in a capital-efficient manner. Consistent with this strategy, we announced the acquisition of an LCD factory in Taiwan that will be converted to enable DRAM production testing. Micron's proprietary and vertically integrated testing capabilities provide competitive differentiation and enable us to provide high-quality products to our customers.
Now turning to our end markets. Memory is essential to extend the frontier of AI capability. Multiple vectors will drive AI memory demand over the coming years. Growing model sizes and input token requirements, multimodality, multiagent solutions, continuous training, and the proliferation of inference workloads from cloud to the edge. Micron is focused on translating the opportunities from AI demand into value captured for all our stakeholders. Demand from data center customers continues to be strong and customer inventory levels are healthy. Industry server unit shipments are expected to grow in the mid-to-high single-digit percentage range in calendar 2024, driven by strong growth for AI servers as well as low single-digit percentage range growth for traditional servers. We expect traditional server demand to benefit from a refresh cycle as a single latest-generation traditional server can replace multiple older-generation servers to provide valuable space, power and performance improvements to improve data center efficiency. We see increasing DRAM and NAND content both in traditional as well as AI servers.
Our mix of data center revenue reached a record level in fiscal 2024 and we expect will grow significantly from here in fiscal 2025. Micron is well positioned in the data center with our portfolio of HBM, high-capacity D5 and LP5 solutions, and data center SSD products. We expect each of these three product categories to deliver multiple billions of dollars in revenue in fiscal 2025. In HBM, we are making excellent progress on our yield and output capability. In fiscal Q4, we delivered on our expected volumes and achieved our objective of several hundred millions of dollars in revenue from HBM in fiscal year 2024. Even as our DRAM gross margins improved, our fiscal Q4 HBM gross margins were accretive to both company and DRAM gross margins, indicative of our solid HBM yield ramp. We expect to achieve HBM market share commensurate with our overall DRAM market share sometime in calendar 2025. We expect the HBM TAM to grow from approximately $4 billion in calendar 2023 to over $25 billion in calendar 2025. As a percent of overall industry DRAM bits, we expect HBM to grow from 1.5% in calendar 2023 to around 6% in calendar 2025.
We have a robust roadmap for HBM and are confident we will maintain our time-to-market, technology and power efficiency leadership with HBM4 and HBM4E. During the quarter, Micron started shipments of production-capable HBM3E 12-high 36GB units to key industry partners to enable qualifications across the AI ecosystem. Remarkably, Micron's HBM3E 12-high 36GB delivers 20% lower power consumption than our competitors' HBM3E 8-high 24GB solutions while providing 50% higher DRAM capacity. We expect to ramp our HBM3E 12-high output in early calendar 2025 and increase the 12-high mix in our shipments throughout 2025.
As we have said before, our HBM is sold out for calendar 2024 and 2025, with pricing already determined for this time frame. In calendar 2025 and 2026, we will have a more diversified HBM revenue profile as we have won business across a broad range of HBM customers with our industry-leading HBM3E solution.
We see strong demand for our high-capacity D5 and LP5 solutions. We are seeing increasing adoption of our high-capacity mono-die-based 128GB D5 DIMM products. We are leveraging our innovative, industry-leading LP5 solutions to pioneer the adoption of low-power DRAM for servers in the data center. Micron's LP5 is specifically designed with data center and AI applications in mind, offering unique features for enhanced reliability, availability and serviceability or RAS in a server platform. We are focused on LPDDR design innovation to optimize the capacity, power and system reliability requirements of AI server infrastructure. Data center SSD demand continues to be driven by strong growth in AI as well as a recovery in traditional compute and storage. Our strategy to use greater levels of vertical integration, including Micron-designed controllers and firmware has resulted in a data center SSD portfolio that addresses customer requirements for a robust set of features and functionality, competitive total cost of ownership and industry-leading performance and quality. We have gained substantial share in data center SSDs as a result. We achieved a quarterly revenue record with over a billion dollars in revenue in data center SSDs in fiscal Q4, and our fiscal 2024 data center SSD revenues more than tripled from a year ago.
Turning to PC. As discussed in our last earnings call, PC customers have built inventories due to the rising memory price trajectory, anticipated growth in AI PCs as well as an expectation of tight supply caused by an increasing portion of production output being dedicated to meeting the growing data center demand. As sell through of PCs continues at a steady pace with a seasonal increase in the second half of calendar 2024, we expect healthier inventories at PC OEMs by spring 2025. PC unit volumes remain on track to grow in the low single-digit range for calendar 2024. We expect unit growth to continue in 2025 and accelerate into the second half of calendar 2025, as the PC replacement cycle gathers momentum with the rollout of next-gen-AI PCs, end of support for Windows 10 and the launch of Windows 12. The PC market is in the early stages of a transformation and we expect a significant shift towards AI-driven functionalities that promise to enhance user experiences and productivity.
AI PCs require a higher capacity of memory and storage. As an example, leading PC OEMs have recently announced AI-enabled PCs with a minimum of 16GB of DRAM for the value segment and between 32GB to 64GB for the mid and premium segments, versus an average content across all PCs of around 12GB last year. Micron is well positioned to support the growth of AI PCs with our portfolio of client LPDRAM, DRAM and SSD products. Our low-power compression attached memory module or LPCAMM2 product has had multiple design wins at leading PC OEMs. These modules offer all the benefits of low-power DRAM in an upgradable form factor. Compared to the alternative modular D5 based solutions, LPCAMM2 provides up to 60% lower power and up to 70% better performance along with 60% space savings. Our 3500 client SSD is qualified at all the major PC OEMs and provides the power-performance enhancements needed for AI workloads.
Turning to mobile. Smartphone customer inventory dynamics are evolving in a manner somewhat similar to that of PC customers. Smartphone unit volumes in calendar 2024 are on track to grow in the low-to-mid single-digit percentage range and we expect unit growth to continue in 2025. Smartphone OEMs are seeking to differentiate their devices by incorporating more AI features such as personalized recommendations, improved camera functionalities and smarter voice assistants. Recently, leading Android smartphone OEMs have announced AI-enabled smartphones with 12GB to 16GB of DRAM, versus an average of 8GB in flagship phones last year.
Micron is well positioned to support the growth of AI smartphones with our leading-edge memory and storage products. During the quarter, we extended our product leadership with the first customer qualification of our second-generation 1-beta based LP5X DRAM and second-generation of G8 NAND UFS 4.0 products. In the automotive market, infotainment and ADAS are driving long-term memory and storage content growth. For the fourth consecutive year, Micron achieved a fiscal year record for automotive revenue in 2024. Micron has built an industry-leading portfolio of automotive-grade DRAM and NAND products that provide best-in-class solutions for these high growth applications leveraging our technology and product leadership, top quality rankings, and close customer collaborations. During the quarter, we achieved qualification of our 1-beta based 16Gb LP5 with 9.6 Gbps speed for the automotive market, which will support the increased performance requirements driven by AI both in the digital cockpit and ADAS.
The automotive industry continues to adjust the mix of EV, hybrid and traditional vehicles to meet evolving customer demand. As auto customer inventories adjust to this new mix, we expect a resumption in our automotive growth in the second half of fiscal 2025. Now, turning to our market outlook.
Calendar 2024 DRAM industry demand outlook has improved, driven by strength in data center servers, and growth in the other market segments has performed consistent with our prior market commentary. Hence, we have upgraded our expectation for calendar 2024 industry DRAM bit demand growth to now be in the high-teens percentage range. Our expectation for calendar 2024 industry NAND bit demand growth remains in the mid-teens percentage range. In calendar 2025, we expect both DRAM and NAND industry bit demand growth to be around the mid-teens percentage range.
Turning to supply. Constructive industry conditions will help drive the considerable improvements in profitability and ROI that are needed to enable the investments required to support future growth. Due to CapEx and supply reduction actions taken across the industry in 2023, we expect industry wafer capacity in both DRAM and NAND in 2024 to be below 2022 peak levels, and for NAND meaningfully so. This factor combined with the increasing mix of HBM wafers is reducing DRAM supply allocated to traditional products and contributing to the healthy industry supply-demand environment that we expect for DRAM in calendar 2025. Given the significant reduction in industry wafer capacity in NAND and the ongoing low NAND CapEx environment, we also expect a healthy industry supply-demand environment for NAND in calendar 2025. NAND technology transitions generally provide more growth in annualized bits per wafer compared to the NAND bit demand CAGR expectation of high teens. Consequently, we anticipate longer periods between industry technology transitions and moderating capital investment over time to align industry supply with demand. This can reduce both R&D expense growth and capital intensity in NAND over time, which can contribute to the improved financial health of the NAND industry.
Micron invested $8.1 billion in CapEx in fiscal 2024. We expect fiscal 2025 CapEx to be meaningfully higher and at around the mid-30s percentage range of revenue based on our current CapEx and revenue expectations. The growth in both greenfield fab construction and HBM CapEx investments is projected to make up the overwhelming majority of the year-over-year CapEx increase. As a reminder, our investments in facility and construction in Idaho and New York will support our long-term demand outlook for DRAM and will not contribute to bit supply in fiscal 2025 and 2026. Micron will continue to exercise supply and CapEx discipline and focus on improving profitability, including walking away from less profitable business, while still maintaining our overall bit market share for DRAM and NAND. I will now turn it over to Mark for our financial results and outlook.
#1
#2
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#10
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commitment#22
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context#25
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MM
Mark MurphyCFOMicron Technology
Thanks, Sanjay, and good afternoon, everyone. In fiscal Q4, Micron delivered revenue at the high end of the guidance range and gross margin and EPS above the high end of the guidance ranges. We are exiting the fiscal year with excellent momentum, having expanded our industry-leading product portfolio, executed well on pricing, and improved our financial performance significantly from the start of the year.
Total fiscal Q4 revenue was approximately $7.8 billion, up 14% sequentially and up 93% year-over-year. Fiscal 2024 total revenue was $25.1 billion, up 62% year-over-year. Fiscal Q4 DRAM revenue was $5.3 billion, up 93% year-over-year and represented 69% of total revenue. Sequentially, DRAM revenue increased 14%, with flattish bit shipments and prices increasing in the mid-teens percentage range. For the fiscal year, DRAM revenue increased 60% year-over-year to $17.6 billion, representing 70% of total revenue. Fiscal Q4 NAND revenue was $2.4 billion, up 96% year-over-year, and represented 31% of Micron's total revenue. NAND revenue increased 15% sequentially, with bit shipments increasing in the high single-digit percentage range and prices increasing in the high single-digit percentage range. Fiscal Q4 NAND revenue was a new quarterly record for Micron. For the fiscal year, NAND revenue increased 72% year-over-year to $7.2 billion, representing 29% of total revenue.
Now turning to revenue by business unit. Compute and Networking Business Unit revenue was $3 billion, up 17% sequentially. Data center server DRAM achieved a quarterly revenue record in fiscal Q4, driven by strong demand for high-capacity solutions as well as our continued ramp of HBM. Revenue for the Mobile Business Unit was $1.9 billion, up 18% sequentially driven by seasonal product ramps. Revenue for the Storage Business Unit was $1.7 billion, up 24% sequentially and led by data center SSD, which reached a quarterly revenue record. We achieved record-high revenue for fiscal year 2024 for our NAND storage business. Embedded Business Unit revenue was $1.2 billion, down 9% sequentially. In fiscal 2024, the automotive segment achieved a new fiscal year revenue record for the fourth consecutive year.
The consolidated gross margin for fiscal Q4 was 36.5%, improving over eight percentage points sequentially. Higher pricing and improved product mix were the key drivers of the stronger profitability. For the fiscal year, consolidated gross margin was 23.7%, up over 31 percentage points year-over-year.
Operating expenses in fiscal Q4 were $1.08 billion, up $105 million sequentially due to an increase in R&D program expenses. For the fiscal year, operating expenses were $4 billion, up 11% year-over-year. The increase in fiscal 2024 operating expenses was primarily driven by an increase in R&D investments and reinstatement of short-term incentive compensation.
We generated operating income of $1.7 billion in fiscal Q4, resulting in an operating margin of approximately 23%, which was up nine percentage points sequentially and up 53 percentage points from the year-ago quarter. Fiscal 2024 operating income was $1.9 billion, resulting in an operating margin of approximately 8%, which was up 39 percentage points year-over-year. Fiscal Q4 adjusted EBITDA was $3.7 billion, resulting in an EBITDA margin of 48%, up five percentage points sequentially and up 30 percentage points from the year-ago quarter. Fiscal 2024 EBITDA was $9.7 billion, resulting in an EBITDA margin of over 38%, which was up 20 percentage points year-over-year.
Fiscal Q4 taxes were $387 million and higher than our guide, largely due to a shift in the jurisdictional mix of earnings. Fiscal 2024 taxes were $379 million or approximately 20% of pretax income. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share in fiscal Q4 was $1.18 compared to $0.62 per share in the prior quarter and a loss per share of $1.07 in the year-ago quarter. Fiscal Q4 non-GAAP EPS exceeded the high end of our guidance range, driven by better pricing and profitability. Fiscal 2024 non-GAAP EPS was $1.30.
Turning to cash flows and capital spending, our operating cash flows were $3.4 billion in fiscal Q4, representing 44% of revenue. For the fiscal year, we generated $8.5 billion of operating cash flows, representing 34% of revenue. Capital expenditures were $3.1 billion during the quarter. CapEx totaled $8.1 billion for the fiscal year, up from $7 billion in fiscal 2023.
We generated $323 million of free cash flow for the quarter and $386 million for the fiscal year. As announced in early August, we determined that share repurchases may resume in light of improved conditions. As such, with our return to free cash flow, reduced leverage and long-term positive outlook, we saw an opportunity to repurchase shares in the quarter. In fiscal Q4, we repurchased $300 million or 3.2 million shares at an average price of $93.07 per share. Micron's fiscal Q4 ending inventory was $8.9 billion or 158 days, up three days from the prior quarter. Micron continues to exercise pricing discipline and expects a healthy supply-demand environment in the industry in fiscal 2025. We intend to draw down our inventory to support our revenue growth in fiscal 2025. On the balance sheet, we held $9.2 billion of cash and investments at quarter-end and maintained near $11.7 billion of liquidity when including our untapped credit facility. We ended the quarter with $13.4 billion in total debt, low net leverage and a weighted average maturity on our debt of 2031. We are committed to further strengthening our balance sheet and sustaining our investment-grade credit rating.
Now turning to our outlook for the fiscal first quarter. Fiscal Q1 gross margin is projected to improve sequentially primarily on better pricing and portfolio mix. Recall that, in fiscal Q4, HBM remained accretive to both DRAM and overall company gross margins. We project changes in our portfolio mix to continue to be an important and favorable contributor to gross margins over time.
We forecast operating expenses to be flat to slightly up in the fiscal first quarter compared to fiscal fourth quarter levels. For the full fiscal year 2025, we see operating expenses growing by a mid-teens percentage versus fiscal 2024. Growth in operating expenses is planned to be second half weighted, as we ramp necessary R&D program investments, including for HBM, to capture the substantial growth opportunity ahead. For fiscal Q1 and fiscal 2025, we estimate our non-GAAP tax rate to be in the mid-teens percentage range. We project days of inventory outstanding to decline in fiscal 2025 and for DIO to approach our target by the end of fiscal 2025. In fiscal Q1, we forecast capital expenditures to increase sequentially to approximately $3.5 billion. As Sanjay mentioned, we expect fiscal 2025 CapEx to be around mid-30s percentage range of revenue based on our current CapEx and revenue expectations. We remain circumspect with all capital spending and disciplined with WFE investments in order to grow bit supply in line with industry demand. With all these factors in mind, our non-GAAP guidance for fiscal Q1 is as follows. We expect revenue to be $8.7 billion plus or minus $200 million. Gross margin to be in the range of 39.5% plus or minus 100 basis points and operating expenses to be approximately $1.085 billion plus or minus $15 million. As mentioned, we expect the fiscal Q1 tax rate to be in the mid-teens percentage range. Based on a share count of approximately 1.14 billion shares, we expect EPS to be $1.74 per share plus or minus $0.08.
In closing, we remain focused on investing in a disciplined manner to support our growth and maintain stable bit share in DRAM and NAND. Micron is well positioned to deliver record revenue as well as significantly improved profitability and free cash flow in fiscal 2025. I will now turn it back over to Sanjay.
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
Thank you, Mark. Fiscal 2024 was a year of many records as we discussed earlier and I expect fiscal 2025 to be even better. With the advent of AI, we are in the most exciting period that I have seen for memory and storage in my career. Micron's memory and storage innovations are enabling tremendous breakthroughs, transforming how the world uses information to enrich life for all. Micron has sustained multiple generations of technology leadership in DRAM and NAND. Our unique culture and our industry-leading product portfolio, combined with our world-class manufacturing execution and quality are enabling us to deliver differentiated, high-value solutions across end markets. This has made us the partner of choice for our customers as they plan their long-term roadmaps and our momentum lays the foundation for an exciting fiscal 2025. Thank you for joining us today. We will now open for questions.
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Q&A Session
Q&A 1/6
OP
Operatoroperator
Certainly. Thank you. And our first question comes from the line of Timothy Arcuri from UBS. Your question please.
TA
Timothy ArcurianalystUBS
Thanks a lot. Mark, I guess my first question is, some of the assumptions in guidance. I think you've been saying kind of on the conference circuit that bits would be pretty flat in fiscal Q1 for both DRAM and NAND. Is that what you're still assuming so that most of the increase in the revenue is basically pricing? Is that correct?
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Mark MurphyCFOMicron Technology
Tim, what we see now and we had provided a slight update in August, but we now see that DRAM bits, we expect to be up somewhat higher than what we had said before. We had said before they were going to be flat and then we revised that to flat to slightly up and in this latest guide, we now view DRAM to be up somewhat higher from that. NAND bits, we expect to be sequentially flattish.
Keep in mind that our guide also contemplates a healthy supply-demand environment and an increasingly favorable mix in the business with HBM, high-capacity DIMMs, LP, data center SSD. So we see stronger data center demand and we had indicated that it was robust and that's been favorable. And then we're just executing well on our product road maps, our product execution, our overall manufacturing execution.
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Timothy ArcurianalystUBS
Thanks, Mark.
And then just one last thing. You had said that HBM revenue last quarter in May was a little over $100 million. Can you give us the number in August? Was it — it looks like it was $300 million to $350 million something like that. Is that about right for your HBM revenue in fiscal Q4?
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
So we are not disclosing a specific revenue for FQ4.
We have said earlier that we will have several hundred million dollars of revenue in fiscal year '24 and we achieved that objective. And really very proud of all the execution from our team in terms of putting in place the capacity, managing the yield ramp successfully to our goals, and of course, continue to deliver a strong product to our customer base. So not providing — we're not going to be providing specifics on a quarter-by-quarter basis. But keep in mind, yes, we delivered several hundred million dollars of revenue in fiscal year '24 and we look forward to delivering multiple billions of dollars of revenue of HBM in fiscal year '25.
TA
Timothy ArcurianalystUBS
Okay. Thank you, Sanjay.
Q&A 2/6
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of C.J. Muse from Cantor Fitzgerald. Your question please.
CM
C.J. MuseanalystCantor Fitzgerald
Yes. Good afternoon. Thank you for taking the question. I guess first question on gross margins.
You guided up a robust 300 basis points. I was hoping you could spend a little bit of time kind of walking us through what's driving that? How much is from like-for-like DRAM ASP increases, mix, HBM yield improvements and cost downs. And I guess, as you kind of walk through that, can you give us a flavor of how to think about those drivers beyond the November quarter?
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Mark MurphyCFOMicron Technology
So C.J., in the fourth or first quarter, as we look at that margin expansion, it's similar to the themes we've talked about before. The supply-demand environment is healthy.
So we're seeing that play through on — in pricing. We're also seeing the execution of our product road map and the ramp of the higher-value products and that's contributing. On costs, we are doing well on cost downs. However, in the first quarter because of the mix with HBM, we are going to see DRAM costs go up slightly. And that's so as we look forward into the first quarter, things are coming together as we had hoped, tied at the leading edge, good supply demand, favorable pricing environment and certainly favorable mix and that becoming a more important part of the business and good cost execution.
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C.J. MuseanalystCantor Fitzgerald
Very helpful. And then I guess maybe as a follow-up, you've reiterated your CapEx outlook, but obviously, the end market environment has changed a bit in the last three months. So curious if you've changed your prioritization of CapEx at all? Obviously, you talked about a focus on shelves and HBM. Any other change in terms of your spending?
SM
Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
Not really. We don't have any other change. I mean again continuing to focus our CapEx on HBM investment, which as you know, is a high-value solution and product tends to be accretive to the margins. And of course, long-term construction CapEx, and that is — the construction CapEx that is targeted for longer term bit growth for the second — latter part of this decade.
CM
C.J. MuseanalystCantor Fitzgerald
Thank you.
Q&A 3/6
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Krish Sankar from TD Cowen. Your question please.
KS
Krish SankaranalystTD Cowen
Yes, I have two questions. One, Sanjay, your AI GPU customers are moving to a one-year cadence of your products. And it looks like the HBM road map is also moving to that 12 months from a prior 18-month cadence. Do you think that this puts you and your peers at a yield disadvantage, i.e., in other words, as HBM3E yield and gross margin improves, you have to migrate to HBM4 and that new node might come at a lower yield. So I'm just kind of curious how to think about that cadence of HBM progression and how that impacts yield and gross margin? And then I had a quick follow-up.
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
As we mentioned, we are doing well with respect to our goals on HBM3E yields with 8 high.
And in '25, of course, we will be increased — beginning our output in early 2025 with 12 high. And of course, 12 high will be going through its own yield ramp and 12 high will be ramping through our calendar year '25 and HBM4 will be a 2026 product.
And like any other new product, of course, there are in the early stages, always ramp-up of yield involved. But we are very pleased with the technical expertise that we have, manufacturing expertise and doing really quite well in terms of continuing to ramp up the yield and the quality of our products. And at the end of the day, you know, that cadence of — our customers' cadence moving faster only benefits those who have the best product and technology because they are the ones who are able to work with the customers at the pace that they need.
And we are with our HBM3E, which has demonstrated clear leadership in performance, in power and overall product feature set for our customers, we absolutely plan to maintain that leadership going forward with our road map from 8 high to 12 high of HBM3E and HBM4 and 4E in the future years. Along with our expertise in manufacturing, that should play to our strength in the time frame ahead. And we work very closely with our customers.
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Krish SankaranalystTD Cowen
Got it. Very helpful.
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
We work very, very closely with our customers to understand their cadence, to understand their requirements and make sure that our road map, both from technology, product and manufacturing capabilities is aligned well with their requirements.
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Krish SankaranalystTD Cowen
Got it. Thanks a lot for that Sanjay.
Super helpful color. And a quick follow-up for Mark on inventory. I understand you're going to draw that down in FY'25. But just in the last quarter, it went up, any color on where that inventory level is going up? Is that within PCs? Is it mobile DRAM? Any color there would be helpful. Thanks a lot.
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Mark MurphyCFOMicron Technology
Sure. We were clear about this in the August conferences that we were seeing — while we were seeing robust data center demand, we were seeing some customers had — were buying ahead in anticipation of price increases, the rollout of AI-related devices and just surety of supply, given that leading edge is tight. So we did see some inventory build and we communicated that inventories would remain elevated going into FY'25. So as what you see, so our days did go up. We continue to be prudent with our supply and walking away from less profitable business. We do expect the environment, supply-demand environment to be constructive for improved profitability in '25. And given the tight leading-edge nodes and our outlook, we're going to need these inventories to bridge us to when our production on tech node transitions ramps.
So that's why we've given an outlook that our inventories by the end of the fiscal year, we expect to be approaching our target inventory levels. Now our volumes happen to be a bit more second half weighted of the fiscal year. So we'll see a bit shallower improvement at the first half of the fiscal year and then that improvement in DIO will steepen as we move through the second half. But we're confident in our inventory outlook and definitely need these leading-edge inventories to supply the market.
KS
Krish SankaranalystTD Cowen
Thanks, Mark.
Q&A 4/6
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Joseph Moore from Morgan Stanley. Your question please.
JM
Joseph MooreanalystMorgan Stanley
Great. Thank you. In terms of your target for getting to HBM market share that's more in line with your overall market share, can you kind of characterize how you get there? Do you anticipate that it's still a supply-constrained environment for everybody or are we sort of more — a little bit more balanced in the quality of the Micron product drives us through? Just what's the determinant of that market share that gets you to that level?
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
Well, certainly, I mean we are being responsible and disciplined in terms of managing our market share.
We have industry's best HBM3E product, and it's the best product with 30% lower power with 8 high. And in fact when you go to 12 high, we are 20% lower power despite 50% increase in capacity versus others 8 high products. So we are well positioned with our product, with its performance, with this power. And that's what is really putting us in the strong position of being — product being sold out for our '24 and '25 time frame.
And when we look at HBM, we have talked about that next year, we project a TAM of $25 billion, consuming about 6%, over 6% of the industry best, in fact, a TAM of greater than $25 billion in 2025. And we are pretty confident that with our product, with our yield ramp, and with the agreement that we have in place with our customers, we will deliver sometime in 2025 get to our share to be in line with our industry share. So of course, it's limited at this point by our production ramp, but we are really on a very good trajectory there. So we feel very confident with our product and with the production ramp and with share opportunities. And frankly our HBM3E product is getting premium in the industry as well versus other products. So it just puts us on a good trajectory ahead as well.
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Joseph MooreanalystMorgan Stanley
Great. Thank you. Congratulations.
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Q&A 5/6
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Vivek Arya from Bank of America Securities. Your question please.
VA
Vivek AryaanalystBank of America Securities
Thanks for taking my questions.
I had two as well. Sanjay, on that same topic of HBM, there is some concern about the potential for HBM oversupply in '25, let's say, there are three suppliers instead of the two that are right now. Is that something you see that there is any potential for oversupply? And let's say if you take the other scenario where there continue to be only two suppliers of NextGen HBM, do you think the third supplier could flood the market with additional DRAM, just sort of the reverse of this trade ratio argument? So just curious to hear how you think about the supply-demand dynamics for both traditional DRAM and HBM4 next year?
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
So we certainly assume that the third supplier will ultimately succeed in having HBM3E product as well and we'll have some share in the marketplace as well. And again, as I pointed out earlier, with the solid product that we have, our product has sold out through 2025 time frame and we are really well positioned with this product.
I think the part that you have to keep in mind is that leading-edge supply, as we have mentioned here is tight. Leading-edge supply is tight because industry in '22, '23 time frame with reductions in CapEx and CapEx-efficient industry-wide transitions to the newer technology nodes, the wafer capacity has come down from the peak levels in meaningful ways. So the lower wafer capacity compared to the peak of 2022 as well as the HBM 3:1 trade ratio, these are the ones that are overall keeping the industry in a tight supply. And tight supply, not just for HBM, but also for non-HBM part of the market.
So we, of course, feel very good about our own plans with HBM. And of course we always stay completely focused on managing the mix of our business between non-HBM and HBM and remaining extremely disciplined about CapEx, about our share objectives. We have shared those share objectives about HBM here. Overall, we have said we maintain our DRAM as well as NAND supply share to be stable.
And this is how we look at the overall market. But when you look at the market trends, it's not just about demand trend on HBM, which is, of course, growing substantially becoming more than $25 billion market in 2025. It's also about, past spring, we see that demand for memory in smartphones and PCs as AI-enabled smartphones become bigger and bigger part of the market in the quarters and the years to come. And of course, customer inventories by spring time frame in smartphone and PCs for memory get to earlier levels, we see that to be a driver of demand as well to complement the strong data center demand. And we are looking at strong momentum, not just with HBM. We have talked about multiple billions of dollars of revenue that we target to generate in our fiscal year 2025 from high-capacity DRAM modules as well as LP memory in data center, so these are all the elements that point to strong demand trends and demand trends driven by AI in data center as well as in smartphone and PCs where more and more content is required in an environment where the leading-edge supply is today tight. So I think the opportunity is tremendous and we see healthy demand supply balance and a constructive environment for our financial performance in fiscal 2025. And that's why we say with confidence that we'll deliver a substantial revenue record in fiscal year 2025, the significant improvement in our profitability as well.
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VA
Vivek AryaanalystBank of America Securities
Got it. Very helpful. And maybe a quick follow-up for Mark. Mark, on the Q3 call, I think you were a little more explicit about both industry pricing and your gross margins expanding through fiscal '25. Is that still a useful construct from where you see — from what you see today or do you think there is a scenario where gross margins or your pricing start to flatten out or even go in the other direction through fiscal '25? What is the operating assumption for fiscal '25 as you see it right now? Thank you.
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Mark MurphyCFOMicron Technology
Maybe just following up here to draw on Sanjay's comments.
I mean we see a very positive setup in fiscal '25 and so had said substantial revenue record significantly improved profitability. The supply-demand setup is quite good. The market's leading-edge is very tight. As we've talked about, the industry wafer capacity has come down, and so in HBM, of course, is creating supply constraints in the marketplace as share bits increase. So we still see that the supply-demand environment is healthy through the year. We also are constructive for the year. We also see the trend we've talked about that our volume is increasingly moving to support higher-value ad products with our differentiated portfolio. So HBM, high-capacity DIMMs, more LP and then our NAND SSD for data center portfolio products. So I think the margin expansion through the year supported by those elements and continued good cost performance gives us confidence on a very good year.
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Vivek AryaanalystBank of America Securities
Thank you.
Q&A 6/6
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Toshiya Hari from Goldman Sachs. Your question please.
TH
Toshiya HarianalystGoldman Sachs
Thank you.
I had a two-part question on the HBM business. Sanjay, you talked about you all being sold out through calendar '25. I'm curious if there's an opportunity for Micron to present upside or deliver upside to what the plan is currently for '25 or are equipment lead times such that you're essentially capped vis-a-vis what your expectations are today for HBM specifically. And then my second part is on gross margin for HBM. We all understand that the business is accretive to both the corporate average and also relative to DRAM. As you look forward into calendar '25 with volumes locked in and pricing locked in, I would assume you've got decent visibility on gross margin. Should we expect HBM gross margins to stay kind of where they are or could they move further up as long as you execute on the yield side? Thanks.
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Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
So regarding your part of your question on the upside for HBM in 2025. So again let me emphasize that we are extremely focused on delivering our goals of getting to our share in HBM to be in line with DRAM share sometime in 2025, extremely focused on continuing to ramp up our production capacity and yield ramp, which are going well according to our plan. I'm very pleased with that. So remaining focused on that. And of course if there are opportunities to be opportunistic, with any upside, of course, we will be capturing those.
And those upsides always remain. And yields, we expect to get to mature yields on our HBM in fiscal year '25. Yields are always an upside opportunity, productivity of the equipment always can be an opportunity as well.
So we'll manage our business responsibly and with total focus on delivering to our goals and maintaining our focus on keeping our HBM commitments to our customers coming through successfully. Now regarding your questions on gross margin being accretive, yes, we would expect our HBM business to be accretive for our fiscal year 2025. Beyond that really not providing any further details. And, yes, you are right that our volume and pricing for HBM is locked up for 2024 as well as for 2025 time frame, calendar year 2024 and calendar year 2025.
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Toshiya HarianalystGoldman Sachs
Great. And then as a quick follow-up on DRAM industry bit growth. I think you raised your '24 outlook to high-teens and you gave a preliminary '25 outlook of mid-teens. I'm curious what's driving the decel from '24 to '25. Is the '25 number a supply-constrained number. From a demand perspective, Sanjay, you sounded pretty constructive on PCs and smartphones and obviously, the content opportunity, and you remain pretty positive on data centers. So I'm just curious what's driving the expected decel in '25. Thank you.
SM
Sanjay MehrotraCEOMicron Technology
Yes. We'll just point, I mean, by the way, we have, in the past, talked about DRAM CAGR being mid-teens. At 2024, we have increased the outlook to high-teens based on the strength in the data center. And 2025 as we look at it just keep, in fact, mind two factors. One is we are now comparing it to the higher base of 2024, which has gone to high-teens. So that, of course, impact the percentage of the '25. And second piece is that, as we have noted, that smartphone and PC, which at the end market level are continuing to do fine.
But given for the three factors that we have mentioned in our earnings call script that the customers built some inventory. The sell-in is somewhat less than their sellout in terms of memory and we have said that by spring of 2025, we expect in PCs customer inventory levels to get to healthier levels versus now and these will continue to improve. So that too plays a factor. And of course I would just like to remind you that we have pointed out that overall smartphone and PC unit growth will be occurring in 2025 and of course increasing penetration of AI phones and second half that acceleration, that growth will be obviously stronger than the first half. So all of these factors are included in our current outlook of 2025 DRAM growth being in mid-teens.
And let me just point out that previously we have said that HBM, we would expect it to be greater than $20 billion opportunity in 2025. We have now said HBM is more than $25 billion opportunity in 2025. So as you know HBM has a trade ratio of 3:1, it takes three times as many wafers to produce the same bit as standard products in the technology nodes. So obviously the growth of HBM also impacts the total bit growth year-over-year in aggregate.
Closing Remarks
TH
Toshiya HarianalystGoldman Sachs
Thank you
Operator Sign-off
OP
Operatoroperator
Thank you. And this does conclude the question-and-answer session as well as today's program. Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for your participation. You may now disconnect. Good day.